Adjustments and Deductions to Arrive at Adjusted Gross Income and Taxable Income

Adjustments and deductions are critical elements in determining an individual's taxable income, involving alterations to gross income that can include contributions to retirement accounts, student loan interest, and specific educator expenses. Once these adjustments are made, the result is adjusted gross income (AGI), from which standard or itemized deductions are subtracted to compute the final taxable income on which income tax is based.

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Federal Taxation of Individuals: Filing Status, Gross Income, & Adjustments
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